Chuck



Oct. 7, 1930. A, L, DE LEEUW 1,777,962

CHUCK Original Filed Jan. 30, 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet l lwucntoz Oct. 7,1930. A. L. DE LEEUW CHUCK ori inal Filed Jan. 50. 1925 3' Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Oct. 7, 1930 I UNI E gs AfrEs PATENT OFFICE- Y f ADOLPH L. nE LEEUW, F LAINEIELD, NEW JERSEY, 'AssIGNoE 'ro THE GOSS AnnnE I LEEUW MACHINE COMPANY, or NEWIBRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, A CORPORATION OF jflrig'inal applicationfiled January 30,

- CONNECTICUT f This ink enuonaea s withchucks in the nature of adjustable devices for clamping [and-holding the work while being machined and this application is a division of that filed V These guideways radiate from. an open'coinmon :center toward which; each j aW f-lS' forced tougrip the work suitable means such as a screw, threaded througlithe'Q base of the I jaw. .f y

. The. metal n a chucked is, by the cutting tool, subjected to severe-strains and, to

holdita'gainst displace1nent, it is necessary. that the j awsjbe urged against theworkwith great pressure. The counter-actiongof this, pressuretends to overturn the j awe "and the :laterahand relatively Weak guideways of thebody of the chuck are dependedsuponto hold the jaws against 'displacement.. It has long been realized that even the slightest flexureof either the ,basepr the'jaws will permit the work-engaging surface ofthe jawsto'assume antangle. with respect tothe worlr, with the result that the Work would 7 be insecur'ely gripped gin which event a high degree of precision inthe tooling operation .would-Sbe ,rendered impossible. N otwith- "standing every. effort to make the {chucks stron g and accurate, this defect isrepeatedly i manifested and; appears. totbe vdue to the fact T that the 1 conventional design does not inhibit the side-walls from spreading slightlyforthe eways m prin in omewha -f ,Thisinyenti on has for .an object to over-- 'come'the inherent defects of chucks of this nature by providing anew design, departing T from certain mechanicalprincipleshereto- I fore;employed'," therebyattaining a structure ,which iscapable of withstanding, without flexure, all :of the strainsto which these de- 1 vicesare subjected.

i .A; .fufrtherQobjectQof the. invention .is so 1 "of the work-holding ve the chuck that, in addition toiits 1-P' 0l7 til ls iiiee wi be e a of CHUCK 1923, SeriatNo; 615,884. 'Dividedand thisapplication filed May 1 20, 1s24.- Serial no. 714,591.

manufacture and well adapted to be finished and fitted with greater precision than has heretoforebeen possible. i

7 Other objects and advantages will be in part indicated in the following description and in part rendered apparent therefrom in connection with the annexed drawings.

.To enable others skilled in the art so fully to apprehend the underlying features hereof that they may embody the same in the various ways contemplated by this invention, drawings depicting a'preferred typical construction have been annexedas a part of this disclosure and, in such drawings, like characters of reference denote corresponding partsthroughout all the views, of which Fig. l is a-perspective view of a chuck embodying the present invention. Fig. 2 is a face view thereof. Fig. 3 is aside elevation .of Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a right hand endview ofFig. 2. Fig. 5 is asection on the line 5 5 of F 1 F ig. 6 is a section on the line6-6 of Fig. 2. Fig. 7 is a perspective View of one jaws. Fig. 8 is an end view thereof and Fig. 9 is a side view of the screw for shifting the work-holding jaws to cause them to engage and release the work.

1 In attaining its objective, this invention fulcrums each, jaw-block at its inner end against the rear interior face-of a body-portion which continues unbroken in a circular direction; and fulcruins the outer end of the jaw-block against the rear wall of the body;

avoiding-the prolongation of the radialh open-slots to the center of the body. In this, invention, theqradial open-slots originateat their inner ends at adistance from the center (the distance being not less than the traverse oftheaw) and do not inerge together as in the CODVGlitlOHiIl arrangement. Radial tunnels,of a length somewhat greater than thetraverse OfthO jaw, open into the inner ends of the open-slots, and receive the inner ends of the jaw-blocks; the outer ends of said jaw-blocks being fulcrumed preferably against the bottom of the openrslots. With this construction the pressure of the jawlon .thework tends rather to contract than spread the open slots in whichthe jaws areadjusb ably inounted and thereby grip the jaws and maintain their work-engaging surfaces parallel; all as distinguished from conventional chucks in which the same pressure tends to spread apart the walls of the open slots and permit the j aws to assume an angle with res'pect to the work and to each other.

formed with a foot-portion l and is slidably fitted ina tunnel 6 formed in the c,

central portion of the chuck body 1, and at the other'end it is provided with' a heelporlocated within an open channel or" Above the tunnel,

tion 7', slot later to be referred to. and overlying the toe portions his a wall or bridge 6 which receives the outward'pressure of the toe portions whenthe jaws are gripped upon the Work. This bridge is in- -.cri'un points about which the j aw-blooks are;

tightly upon the work.

ment of the toes 4* is prevented by the bridge tegral with the central portion of the chuckbodyancl may readily beinade of a strength sufficient to withstand the strain to which it subjected. Theipoint of'contact between the toe portions 4% and the inner surface or ceiling of the bridge for-ins one of the fulinclined to turir when they are gripped As outward move- 6 the strain on the jaws tends to force inwardly' the opposite or heel ends of the feet.

' This invention also provides 'ineans to counteract this strain by causing the rearward ends ofthe aw-blocks to bear down- "wardly onthe chuck body;preferably in" sucha manner that they also exert a closing] strain onthe open slots'in the-chuck-body. One convenient means for accomplishing this result consists in causing the heel poi"- tions 7' to bear directly on the bottoms? of the outer ends ofthe tunnels t. -When the I jaws 5 grip the; work XV as. shown in Fig. 6, pressure is applied in the direction of the arrows Rand two oppositely directed, strains are transmitted by the foot portion to the chuck-body. The upward or outward strain,

' as renresentedbythe arrow U, is eifectively resisted by the bridge (Sand the IHWZLICtOI downwardf'strain; as represented [by the arrow Dy s likewise resisted by t the deflect-ion of the work-engaging portions of "the jaws, thereby "causing 'theinto becon e bell-mouthed to the end that work placed here n IS'jlIlSQ "curely held.

Fromtheforegoing it will be observed that the present nventionlias provided siniple and efficient means for resisting the overi turning strains to which the jaws are sube jected, and the work'engaging'suiwfaces are ,inostpositioiis;

I he" chuckbody "proper. In prior chucks, tis these strains that have caused To" preveiitthe j awsfj from being tipped laterallythe portions 5 are preferably fitted vbetw een the opposedwalls 8 and 8 of the slots 8. These walls also serve to gu dethe jaws in their movements toward and from thecenter of the chuck.

d An important feature of this invention is" the" contour of the tunnel inthe body por- 'tion' of the chuck and'of the correspondingly shaped toes of the j aw-blocks fitted therein. It is proposed to give these parts-a siniple contour which may be machined and li nished with greater precision, than "has vheretofore been possible. and thereby obtain..a better working ,iitbetw'een theinr These toes, and

the tunnels in which they are fitted, may be any desired shape such assquare, round or other shapes which maybe finished with great precision but .it' is desirable toliaVe the toe port ons forniedof a' solidpiece so that the strain is takenbythe' whole and not merely by a relatively small portion of the j aw as in conventionalchucks 1 'jlf'the diamete'r of the work to be held is less than the distance between the work holding portions 5, whenadjusted; to their innerinay be attached "to the portions 5, as by screw'isj forrned with right and left-hand threaded portions 12""and 13' respectively which have threaded'connections with the feet of'the jaw-blocks; Any suitable means. such as-a ,wrenchapplied tothevsquared'end I11? may be provided forturning the screw Lto cause the jaws togrip and release the work the slots 8 'which extend outwardly from and threaded into the auxiliaryjaws. The

jjaws. j areurged toward the center of the .95

vices whichyintwo-jaw.chiicks, nay COIIP. V

pr se screw 11 as SllOWIllIl Fig. 9. This ice Some.inachining op'erationasuch as the turning of rodset'cLrequire that the'work extend' through the plane of the chuck. Chucks for this classof work naybeprovided with a'central apertureE); extending throughthe body ofthe chuclc Topreventtheentrance of dirt and cuttingstothe insideof the chuck or bushing 10; i

'The inner ends'of the toe portions of the strain on theibri dgefip it is necessary to provide adjusting means for ilt" thisraperture is preferably a; sleeve v 1155? j aw-blo cks are" preferably bifurcated as at'15 so as to straddle the bushing. 10 when the jaws 'areadjusted to their innerinost positions; 7 This per sof 'a'longer toegporti'on'which I V "increasesits leverageand thereby r'educ es the 1 "1 In chucks formed with this ce'jntral aperture center of the feet. The screw 11' may be located in abore 11 inftheb'ody of the chuck and held against endwise movement therein by a retainer 16 let into'the side of the base" through apertures 18 in feet 19, formed integral with the body portion of the chuck.

, .From the foregoing, it will be observed that I have provided-a chuck which is easy of manufacture (all of the parts being of shapes which may easily be machined and .c finished with extreme precision) and which will effectively resist, without distortion or damage, the stresses whichhave heretofore been fatal to many'chucks of this nature.

' locatedat one sideof the axis of theshank, it is recognized thatthe invention is likewise It is to be remembered that, although I have disclosed this invention as embodied in a two jaw chuck inwhichthe toe portions are cylindrical and the adjusting screwiis adaptable to various other formsof chucks having a different'nu'mber of jaws which may also be of different design and differ ently adjusted. v

' ,VVithout furtheranalysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gistofthisinvention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adaptit for various utilizations' "by retaining one or more of the features that, frm the. standpoint of thelprior art,

fairly constitutes essential characteristicsof either the generic or specific aspects of this inventlon and, therefore, such adaptat ons should be, and are intended to be, .comprehended within the meaning and (range of i equivalency of the following claims,

Having thus revealed this, invention, I

claim as new anddesire to secure the fol lowing combinations and elements, or equ1valents thereof, by Letters Patent of the United States? ,c j V r I. A chuckfor machine tools combining "a base provided witha tunnelbore having an unbroken wall and an open. slot; a jaw havinga toe' projecting into said tunnel bore and engaging overlyingiwall thereof and I a, jaw proper emerging from said open slot and means for. movingsaid jaw in said bore.

A chuck forfmachine tools combining a'base providedfwith a tunnel-bore spaced inwardly from the'periphery of said base and having an unbroken wall; a work-holdfing jaw having a toe projecting into said tunnelbore and engagingan overlying wall thereof, and a heel portion contacting with an underlying wall'of said base eiiteriorly of {said tunnel bore and means for moving said jaw 'insaid borelf 3. A chuck combining 'a body having an open channel radiating inwardly and terminatingshort of the axis and providing an open slot, said bodyhaving a tunnel radiating inwardly from the end of said open channel; a jaw-block having its foot located within said open channel and having'a toe extended into said tunnel andbearing against the ceiling of said tunnelto resist over-turn of said jaw-block, said jaw-block having a jaw emerging through the open slot of said channel; and adjusting means for forcibly shifting'said jaw-block radially along said channel. a

' 4:. A chuck combining a body having an open channel radiating inwardly and terminatin'g short of the axis and providin an open slot,*sa1d body having a tunnel radiating inwardly from the end of said open channel ;:a j aw-block having'its foot located with in said open channel and havingits heel bearing against the bottom of said open channel and also having a toe extended into said tunnel and bearing against the ceiling of said tunnel to resist over-turn of said jaw-block,

vsaid jaw-block having a jaw emerging through the open-slot of saidchannel; and

adjusting means for forcibly'shifting said jaw-block radially along said channel.

5. chuck combining'a body having two diametrically-opposite open channels radiatinginwardly'andterminating short of the r axis, saidbody having a single tunnel-bore having an unbroken wall connecting the inner ends of said open channels; aw-blocks having their feet located within the respective open channels and each havinga toe extended [into the opposite'ends ofthetunnel-bore and bearing against the ceiling thereof to resist over-turn, eachjaw-block havlng a awemergmg through (theopen-slot of its channel; a

single right-anddeft screw threaded through the feet of said jaw-blocks forforcibly shifting them radially'along said channels.

6. Achuck for machine tools combining a base provided with a tunnel bore providing an ox' erlying bridge portion, connecting together theside walls of said tunnel bore and a clearance slot adjacent the outer end of 7 said tunnel bore; a jaw-block arranged partly within the bore and in engagement with said bridgeportio'n within said boreandpartly within the slot and means for moving said jaw in'said bore andfslot. I

'7., A chuck for machme tools combining a base provided with tunnel-bore having an runbroken wall and an open slot extend ng 'outwardlyfrom sald tunnel-bore; aj awblock formed with a foot having a toe portionprofjecting into and contacting with a wall of said tunnel-bore and a aw properemerging from said open slot and provided with aiw'ork engaging surface, the foo t porti'on of said jaw block being providedwith fulcrum points at oppositesi'desof'tlie plane of the Work llO vblock is subjected.

engagingsurface, one of said fulcrum points being on said toe portion and/engaging" the unbroken wall ofsaid tunnel-bore and means,

provided by the base and engaging the jawblock ace'nt its fulcrun' pomts for resists ng the overturn ng. strains to which the aw- Achuck for. machine tools'coinbining a base provided with a'tunnel-b'ore liaving unbroken wall and an open slotextending I inwardly from the periphery 'of thechuck and terminating a substantial distance from the center thereof and connecting with said tunnel-bore, a substantially L-shaped jaw comprising a foot slidable in said tunnel, and

'tions of said'jaw to resist the'overturning strains to which the jaw is subjected. d 1

9. A chuck for machine tools combining a base provided with diametrically opposite slots and atunn'el-boreconnecting said slots, said tunnel-bore lia ving integrally formed and unbroken bottom side and ceiling walls;

' jaw-blocks having toe portions extendinginwardly into oppositeends of'said tunnel and contactingwith a wall therein and work en-' gaging portions projecting outwardlythrough Isaidslots; and means for moving saidjawblocks toward the center ofthe chuck,

10. A chuck combining a basefa substantially L shaped member slidable thereon f and comprising a work-holding jaw and a foot extending inwardly therefrom, said foot being provided with-a toe portion located. at

one side of tlie..plane of contact between the ijawfand the work held therein; and a heel portion at the opposite side' of sai'd plane, said'base having an uninterrupted portion overlying and contacting with j the toe "and a portion underlying and conta ctingwith the heel to preventoverturn of the member ,11. A chuck for inachine tools combining a base provided with an internal b,ore; a,

plurality of Work holding jaws havingl n' wardly projecting toes slidable insaidlbore;

with the inner ends or said toes to,

' ineans tor moving said jaws in said bore {and a bridge: wholly overlying and contacting v I ceive the outwardpressurethereof when the jaws are forced against the work; said bridge and base being formed w th a central aperture transverse to the bore forflreceptionioffthe' worlc is 7 7 7 V 12.. A chuck for nachine tools combining a base provided with an internal bore; a plu- I rality of work holding jaws having inwardly pro ecting toes shdable in said bore {means V V for moving'said jaws, in said borega brifdge whollyf overlying and? contacting withthe jinner ends oi said: toes to receive the outward o pressure thereof when: the aws are forced against the work said bridge being formed with'a central aperture transverse to the borefor reception oi the work; nus protecting sleeve in sa d aperture and extending through saidbase! I r 13. A chuck as set "forth in claiini12 char acterizedby this, that the inner ends of the toes are bifurcated to, embrace the sleevclwh en the jaws areadj uste dto their innermost positions. g r 14. A chuck for machine tools combining a base provided with a tunnel-borehaving an unbroken wall and a plurality of clearance apcrturesextending ii -war lyiiroin the ends of said base; a plurality of jaw-blocks having feet fitted within saidbore and laterally projecting work-engaging portions extending throughsaid clearance apertures and a screw for adjusting said toward and from the center ofthe chuck, V p I 15. chuck compris ng base; provided with a substant ally cylindrical bore and-a.

plurality of clearance aperturesextending 111:

wardfly from the endsofsaid base; a plura oi L-shaped jaw-blocks having feet slid able in saidbore and work engaging portions one tending outwardly through said clearance apertures; abridge, forined integrallywith said base, overlying and coacting withthetoc ends of said feet to prevent outwardJmOve mcnt thereof when the awsa're tightened uponthe work; and means formoving'said 16: A chuck 'coinbiningi'oa base provided V witha circ'ular boreliavinganunbroken wall and arcuate'ch-annels providing a plurality of clearance aperturesextendinginwardly from the outer edges ofsaidbase and terminating adjacent said bore a plurality of j aw-blocks having-cylindrical toe portions'slidable in 'said b'ore rounded heel portions slidable in said channels and work engaging portions extending through said clearancezapertures;

and means for iiioviiw said; jawbloCksI ls extendwitha tunnel bore and open c'hani'i and 'terniinatingshort of its axis j aw-blocks havino foot )ortion'sin said channels and toe i i: 1 portions EBXlZQILCllHgQIItQfSZUCl tunnel oore a 17. Acchuck"combining a base provided i in ing inwardly {fromftlie periphery ofthe chuck rigid bridge formed integral with said base. i and overlying and engaging said toef'portions in all of their positions insaid tunnel bore;

channels and tunnel bore;

I ,18. chuck combining a p i with a circularbore havnig an unbroken wall;

a jaw block having a cylindrical portion slid! in gly 'fitted. within said, circular bore and' 'engaging the wall thereof toprev'entioverturning of said'jawblock and a; work-engaging portion projectinglfroinsaid cylindrical poron; andineans remove said jaw-block axial- *iy'or said circularborei I V v, v 19. chuck combining a base rovided and means to move said jaw-blocks'iiisaid basep fovided vvith -circularbore affording a' slideway for bridge; and means to move said jaw-blocks axially of said bore,

20,; A chuck combining a base "provided with a r circular bore intersecting the axis of said chuck and aiiordinga slid'eway for j 21W- blocks, the outer :Wall of said bore, adjacent Q the'aXis of the chuck, 'constitutinga bridge integral with said base; jaw-blocks having =-cyljindrical iootportions underlying said said axis; and means bridge and slidii'igly fitted Within said bore and engaging said bridge at opposite sidesof for moving said jawblocks in said bore. *1 r i i i T 21. A chuck combining a base provided with a tunnel-bore having an unbroken Wall and affording a slideivay for a 21W block, the

outer wallof said bore adjacent the axis of 'SEUCl'ChlICk constitutlnga rigid brldge connecting together the side Walls of said bore;

jaw-block having afoot portion slidable Within said bore andengaging the underside v of-said bridge and a Work-holding portion projecting from said foot portion, the said bridge terminating remote from the periph- "eryof the base to permit unobstructed 1novement of said Work-holding portion; and" means. to move said jaw-block axially of said bore.

22; A chuck conibining a base provided with; around bore intersecting the axis of said chuckythe outer 'Wal-l ofsaid bore a-djaa together the side Walls of said bore, said outer centsaid axis constituting a rigid bridge integral with said base andiserving to connect well also being interrupted at the opposite sidesof the axis of'said chuck and remote therefrom, thereby providing open channels and clearance apertures; jaw-blocks fitted w thln'said bore at oppos te sides of said axis, said Jaw-blocks havlng foot-portions pro.-

vided with toes fitted Within said closed bore beneath and engaging said bridge, rounded heel portions W thin said open channelsand Work engagingportions projecting through said clearance-apertures; and means to move :saidJaw-blocks axially of said bore.

l I-nwitness whereof, Ihereunto subscribe my name;

ADOLPH L. DE LEEui'v, 

